Color Imaging and Pattern Hiding on a Metallic Substrate

We present a new approach for the reproduction of color images on a metallic substrate that look bright and colorful under specular reflection observation conditions and also look good under non-specular reflection observation conditions. We fit amounts of both the white ink and the classical cyan, magenta and yellow inks according to a formula optimizing the reproduction of colors simultaneously under specular and non-specular observation conditions. In addition, we can hide patterns such as text or graphical symbols in one viewing mode, specular or non-specular, and reveal them in the other viewing mode. We rely on the trade-off between amounts of white diffuse ink and amounts of cyan, magenta and yellow inks to control lightness in specular and in non-specular observation conditions. Further effects are grayscale images that alternate from a first image to a second independent image when tilting the print from specular to non-specular reflection observation conditions. Applications comprise art and entertainment, publicity, posters, as well as document security

Specular color imaging on a metallic substrate

We propose a full reproduction workflow for printing color images on metallic substrates. It relies on an ink spreading enhanced cellular Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer model, calibrated with 35 color samples printed on the metal film and measured under specular reflection. The calibration accounts for the different phenomena contributing to the reflectance of halftone prints on metal: specular reflection by the metal film substrate of light traveling across the inks, illumination and viewing geometry, shadowing effect induced by the ink and difference in surface structure between the inked and non-inked metal halftone elements. The model enables predicting printable colors with an average CIELAB ∆E94 error of 1.7. Thanks to the model, the metal print gamut is established and a 3D table provides the correspondence between printable metallic colors viewed under specular reflection and the corresponding ink surface coverages. The input sRGB gamut is mapped into the print gamut. At halftone image generation time, surface coverages of the inks yielding the desired gamut mapped input colors are obtained from the 3D table. These ink surface coverages yield the ink separations that are halftoned and printed. The resulting color images printed on a silver substrate viewed under specular reflection reproduce the hues at a high degree of fidelity. The luminance of metallic prints under specular observation is generally higher than the luminance of paper under the same illuminating conditions. Therefore, the printed metallic colors appear more colorful. Such metal prints are attractive for design, art and publicity. Their high brightness immediately strikes the observer and transmits the message incorporated into the reproduced picture or artwork

Ferrate(VI), Ferrate(V), and Ferrate(IV) Oxidation of Microcystin-LR, Flumequine, and Sulfadiazine: Oxidized Products

Microcystin (MC-LR) is a potent toxin and its presence in drinking water create a serious risk to human health. This paper presents the degradation of MC-LR in water by iron-based molecules, ferrates (Fe^VIO4^2- , Fe^VO4^3- , and Fe^IVO4^4- ) at pH 7.0. The oxidized products (OPs) were analyzed at various concentrations of ferrate species. Product studies showed the fragmentation of the cyclic MC-LR by all ferrates, which varied with the concentration and the oxidation state of ferrates. Three predominant degradation pathways are proposed, involving hydroxylation and breakage of peptide bond of MCLR. The extent of hydroxylation of MC-LR by Fe^VI was more than by Fe^V and Fe^IV. Fe^VI oxidation has potential to generate OPs with low molecular weight. Additionally, three pH (4.0, 7.0 and 9.0) were investigated to learn their on three pathways of MC-LR by Fe^VI, Fe^V , and Fe^IV. Analysis of peak areas of OPs showed that acidic conditions greatly facilitated the hydroxylation by three ferrates compared with the neutral and basic pH. Antibiotics have recently attracted increasing concern worldwide due to their ubiquitous occurrence and negative ecological effects on aquatic organisms. This paper investigated the oxidation kinetics and mechanisms of sulfadiazine (SDZ), a representative sulfonamide, by Fe^VI. The results showed that the reaction followed the second-order kinetics, and the rate constants decreased with the increasing pH from 4.0 to 10.0. Eleven OPs of SDZ were identified, and three initial pathways were proposed, including SO2 extrusion, deamination, and hydroxylation, of which the involvement of SO2 extrusion was first demonstrated during FeVI oxidation of SDZ. In addition, the removal of flumequine (FLU), a representative fluoroquinolone antibiotic, by Fe^VI, Fe^V , and Fe^IV species and the effect of ammonia were studied. The results indicated that Fe^VI exhibited a higher capability for the elimination of FLU than Fe^V and Fe^IV. Furthermore, the presence of ammonia enhanced the removal efficiency of FLU by Fe^VI and Fe^V . The reason was proposed to be the formation of higher reactive Fe^VI -ammonia and Fe^V -ammonia complexes than un-complexed ferrate species. Mechanical analysis indicated that these complexes reacted faster at the double bond moiety of the quinolone ring of FLU

Color changing effects with anisotropic halftone prints on metal

We propose a color reproduction framework for creating specularly reflecting color images printed on a metallic substrate that change hue or chroma upon in-plane rotation by 90°. This framework is based on the anisotropic dot gain of line halftones when viewed under specular reflection. The proposed framework relies on a spectral prediction model specially conceived for predicting the color of non-rotated and of 90° in-plane rotated cross-halftones formed of superpositions of horizontal and vertical cyan, magenta and yellow line halftones. Desired non-rotated and rotated image colors are mapped onto the sub-gamut allowing for the desired hue or chroma shift and then, using a 6D correspondence table, converted to optimal cross-halftone ink surface coverages. The proposed recolorization and decolorization framework is especially effective for creating surprising effects such as image parts whose hues change, or gray regions that become colorful. It can be adapted to commercial printers capable of printing with cyan, magenta and yellow inks on substrates formed by an ink attracting polymer lying on top of a metallic film layer. Applications may include art, advertisement, exhibitions and document security

Color reproduction, pattern hiding and image alternations with halftone prints on metal

We propose new methods for creating color or achromatic images that are printed with classical cyan, magenta, yellow and a white diffusing ink on a metallic substrate. We optimize the surface coverages of the cyan, magenta, yellow and white inks in order to create color prints on a metallic surface that look bright and colorful under specular reflection and also look good under non-specular observation conditions. We also provide new means for the prevention of counterfeits. A first effect enables viewing on the same metallic print one achromatic image in specular viewing mode and a second independent achromatic image in non-specular viewing mode. The second effect enables hiding a pattern such as text, graphics or a grayscale image within the printed color image in one viewing mode, specular or non-specular and showing that pattern in the second viewing mode, non-specular or specular, respectively

Magic Prints: Image-Changing Prints Observed under Visible and 365 nm UV Light

In this paper we propose a novel layered-printing method consisting of superposed visible cmy and invisible fluorescent ultraviolet (UV) rgb inks. Our approach can be used to generate a variety of visual color-alteration effects such as revealing two completely distinct images when the print is illuminated with either standard visible or 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light (Figure 1). This is achieved by computing the maximum achievable color gamuts for both illumination conditions, generating accurate estimates, and applying a spatial-varying gamut mapping to minimize potential ghosting artifacts and calculate the optimal ink surface coverages that, when printed, generate the desired image-alteration effect. Our method uses invisible UV-rgb fluorescent inks which are printed onto a transparent film. It is placed on top of a visible print consisting of standard cmy inks. By separating the UV and the visible inks using the transparent film, physical mixing of the two different ink types is avoided. This significantly increases the intensity of the fluorescent emission resulting in stronger and more vivid color-alteration effects. Besides the revealing of two different images, the same method can be applied for other use cases as well, such as enhancing or adding specific parts to an image under one illumination condition, generating personalized document security features, or aiding color-blind people in color distinction. (C) 2019 Society for Imaging Science and Technology

Nuclear factor I revealed as family of promoter binding transcription activators.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Multiplex experimental assays coupled to computational predictions are being increasingly employed for the simultaneous analysis of many specimens at the genome scale, which quickly generates very large amounts of data. However, inferring valuable biological information from the comparisons of very large genomic datasets still represents an enormous challenge. RESULTS: As a study model, we chose the NFI/CTF family of mammalian transcription factors and we compared the results obtained from a genome-wide study of its binding sites with chromatin structure assays, gene expression microarray data, and in silico binding site predictions. We found that NFI/CTF family members preferentially bind their DNA target sites when they are located around transcription start sites when compared to control datasets generated from the random subsampling of the complete set of NFI binding sites. NFI proteins preferably associate with the upstream regions of genes that are highly expressed and that are enriched in active chromatin modifications such as H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. We postulate that this is a causal association and that NFI proteins mainly act as activators of transcription. This was documented for one member of the family (NFI-C), which revealed as a more potent gene activator than repressor in global gene expression analysis. Interestingly, we also discovered the association of NFI with the tri-methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3, a chromatin marker previously associated with the protection against silencing of telomeric genes by NFI. CONCLUSION: Taken together, we illustrate approaches that can be taken to analyze large genomic data, and provide evidence that NFI family members may act in conjunction with specific chromatin modifications to activate gene expressio